PII: S0005-1098(96)00254-3
Nonparametric Input Estimation in Physiological Systems: Problems, Methods, and Case Studies Giuseppe de Nicolaoa, Giovanni Sparacinob and Claudio Cobellib, * a Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Universitą di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1 27100 Pavia Italyb Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informatica, Universitą di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/A 35131 Padova Italy Received 7 June 1994; revised 11 November 1996. Available online 7 May 1998.
Giuseppe de Nicolaoa, Giovanni Sparacinob and Claudio Cobellib, *
Input estimation from output data is an important problem in the analysis of physiological systems, because many signals of interest are not directly accessible to measurement. When the system is time-invariant, this problem is often referred to as deconvolution. Three representative physiological problems, regarding hormone secretion, insulin dynamics, and hepatic glucose production, are used to illustrate the major challenges: ill-conditioning, confidence intervals assessment, infrequent and nonuniform sampling, nonnegativity constraints, and computational efficiency. The paper provides a critical overview of the existing techniques, focusing on regularization theory and Bayesian estimation. In order to overcome some inadequacies of the existing methods, some new results are derived. In particular, the connection between the maximum-likelihood estimate of the regularization parameter and the notion of equivalent degree of freedom is studied. Moreover, a fast SVD-based numerical algorithm is developed that includes the optimization of the regularization parameter, and the computation of confidence intervals. The proposed techniques are validated on a benchmark problem and are shown to provide effective solutions to the three physiological case studies.
Author Keywords: Deconvolution; inverse problems; input estimation; smoothing; biomedical systems; endocrinology; insulin; luteinizing hormone; glucose dynamics
*Corresponding author.
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