Abstract: Seoul Artificial Retina Project started since the year 2000 with the support of Korean Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) as a part of the Nanobio Engineering Research Center (NB-ERC), and supported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Science and Education in Korea. Patterned electrical retinal stimulation is the basic approach of our system, and for this purpose, several polymers such as polyimide, parylene, silicone elastomer and crystalline polymer were evaluated as an electrode base material. Various signal delivery methods to the retinal stimulation part, such as laser array, scanning laser, RF transfer, and nanowire-integrated photodiodes, were studied. For the hermetic packaging of the system, titanium alloy, silicone elastomer and crystalline polymers were investigated. Optimization of the stimulation pattern were studied in terms of the spatial and temporal frequencies, and the spike train was decoded to evaluate the efficacy of the stimulation and to develop the optimized stimulation signal pattern. By animal experiment, surgical techniques and the method of the objective evaluation of the retinal stimulation were investigated. In this talk, sixteen years of trials and errors, and the recent result of the animal experiment with Seoul Artificial Retina will be described.Bio: Jong-Mo Seo graduated at the Seoul National University (SNU) School of Medicine, took resident course and retina fellowship in Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) and got his M.S. and Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering at SNU. He worked as a retina surgeon in SNUH and in the year 2008 moved to the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) of SNU as an assistant professor. He also served as a staff for the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system of SNUH from the 1999 to 2003, designing the computer user interface and developing medical machine-computer data transfer modules. He joined the Seoul Artificial Retina Project from the beginning in the year 2000 and has been working as a moderator and a surgeon for the animal experiment. He is now an associate professor at SNU ECE and co-joined professor at SNUH biomedical research institute and SNU medical school.